WHAT DOES THE EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON OPERATIONAL CASH FLOWS DEPEND ON?

1. VOLUME EFFECTS (compensate for changes in profit margins)
2. PRICING FLEXIBILITY (change in margins to offset effect of exchange rate change)
3. DIVERSIFICATION of markets for inputs and outputs
4. PRODUCTION AND SALES FLEXIBILITY (ability to shift markets and sources quickly)
Inventories may serve as a good illustration of this proposition. The value of an inventory in a foreign subsidiary is determined not only by changes in the exchange rate, but also by a subsequent price change of the product--to the extent that the underlying cause of this price change is the exchange rate change. Thus, the dollar value of an inventory destined for export may increase when the currency of the destination country appreciates, provided its local currency prices do not decrease by the full percentage of the appreciation. Exhibit 4 provides a numerical illustration.
The effect on the local currency price depends, in part, on competition in the market. The behavior of foreign and local competitors, in turn, depends on capacity utilization, market share objectives, likelihood of cost adjustments and a host of other factors. Of course, firms are not only interested in the value change or the behavior of cash flows of a single asset, but rather in the behavior of all cash flows. Again, price and cost adjustments need to be analyzed. For example, a firm that requires raw materials from abroad for production will usually find its stream of cash outlays going up when its local currency depreciates against foreign currencies. Yet the depreciation may cause foreign suppliers to lower prices in terms of foreign currencies for the purpose of maintaining market share.